C++ (and Fortran) allow for overloading of operators. That means we
can define algebraic operations on for example vectors or any
arbitrary object. As an example, a vector addition of the type
\( \mathbf{c} = \mathbf{a} + \mathbf{b} \) means that we need to write a small part of
code with a for-loop over the dimension of the array. We would rather
like to write this statement as c = a+b; as this makes the code much
more readable and close to eventual equations we want to code. To
achieve this we need to extend the definition of operators.