Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena

System Transition Order Parameter
Liquid-gas Condensation/evaporation Density difference \( \Delta\rho=\rho_{liquid}-\rho_{gas} \)
Binary liquid mixture/Unmixing Composition difference
Quantum liquid Normal fluid/superfluid \( < \phi> \), \( \psi \) = wavefunction
Liquid-solid Melting/crystallisation Reciprocal lattice vector
Magnetic solid Ferromagnetic Spontaneous magnetisation \( M \)
Antiferromagnetic Sublattice magnetisation \( M \)
Dielectric solid Ferroelectric Polarization \( P \)
Antiferroelectric Sublattice polarisation \( P \)