The basic idea of gradient descent is that a function F(\mathbf{x}) , \mathbf{x} \equiv (x_1,\cdots,x_n) , decreases fastest if one goes from \bf {x} in the direction of the negative gradient -\nabla F(\mathbf{x}) .
It can be shown that if
\mathbf{x}_{k+1} = \mathbf{x}_k - \gamma_k \nabla F(\mathbf{x}_k),with \gamma_k > 0 .
For \gamma_k small enough, then F(\mathbf{x}_{k+1}) \leq F(\mathbf{x}_k) . This means that for a sufficiently small \gamma_k we are always moving towards smaller function values, i.e a minimum.