Consider the ratio, which we shall call \( R \), between \( \vert\hat{D}(\mathbf{r}^{\mathrm{new}})\vert \) and \( \vert\hat{D}(\mathbf{r}^{\mathrm{old}})\vert \). By definition, each of these determinants can individually be expressed in terms of the i-th row of its cofactor matrix

$$ \begin{equation} R\equiv\frac{\vert\hat{D}(\mathbf{r}^{\mathrm{new}})\vert} {\vert\hat{D}(\mathbf{r}^{\mathrm{old}})\vert} = \frac{\sum_{j=1}^N d_{ij}(\mathbf{r}^{\mathrm{new}})\, C_{ij}(\mathbf{r}^{\mathrm{new}})} {\sum_{j=1}^N d_{ij}(\mathbf{r}^{\mathrm{old}})\, C_{ij}(\mathbf{r}^{\mathrm{old}})} \tag{3} \end{equation} $$