If we assume that n > p , then our matrix \boldsymbol{U} has dimension n \times n . The last n-p columns of \boldsymbol{U} become however irrelevant in our calculations since they are multiplied with the zeros in \boldsymbol{\Sigma} .
The economy-size decomposition removes extra rows or columns of zeros from the diagonal matrix of singular values, \boldsymbol{\Sigma} , along with the columns in either \boldsymbol{U} or \boldsymbol{V} that multiply those zeros in the expression. Removing these zeros and columns can improve execution time and reduce storage requirements without compromising the accuracy of the decomposition.
If n > p , we keep only the first p columns of \boldsymbol{U} and \boldsymbol{\Sigma} has dimension p\times p . If p > n , then only the first n columns of \boldsymbol{V} are computed and \boldsymbol{\Sigma} has dimension n\times n . The n=p case is obvious, we retain the full SVD. In general the economy-size SVD leads to less FLOPS and still conserving the desired accuracy.