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Importance Sampling, a simple example, and the results

The suffix cr stands for the brute force approach while is stands for the use of importance sampling. All calculations use ran0 as function to generate the uniform distribution.

N Icr σcr Iis σis
10000 3.13395E+00 4.22881E-01 3.14163E+00 6.49921E-03
100000 3.14195E+00 4.11195E-01 3.14163E+00 6.36837E-03
1000000 3.14003E+00 4.14114E-01 3.14128E+00 6.39217E-03
10000000 3.14213E+00 4.13838E-01 3.14160E+00 6.40784E-03

However, it is unfair to study one-dimensional integrals with MC methods!